How to Become a Cosmetologist

Cosmetologists provide hair styling, cutting, coloring, skincare, nail care, and makeup services. The profession requires creativity, interpersonal skills, and knowledge of chemistry, sanitation, and state licensing regulations. Cosmetologists work in salons, spas, barbershops, and sometimes in entertainment or fashion industries. All states require cosmetologists to be licensed, which involves completing a state-approved training program and passing both written and practical exams. Continuing education is required to maintain licensure in most states. Cosmetology offers flexible career options — from working in established salons to renting a booth or opening an independent business. Top earners include those who build a loyal client base, specialize in high-demand services, or work in media and entertainment.

Two Paths to This Career

Trade School Path

Typical duration: 9-15 months

Cosmetology school programs cover haircutting, styling, coloring, chemical treatments, skincare, nail care, sanitation, and state law. Students practice on mannequins and live models in school-operated salons. Most states require 1,000-1,600 hours of training, which takes 9-15 months in a full-time program. Programs prepare students for state licensing exams. Some programs also cover business skills like salon management and client relations.

Apprenticeship Path

Typical duration: 2-3 years

Several states allow apprenticeship as an alternative to cosmetology school. Apprentices train under a licensed cosmetologist in a working salon, learning practical skills while serving clients. Apprenticeship hours requirements are typically higher than school requirements (often 2,000-3,000 hours) and take longer to complete. This path offers the advantage of earning income and building a client base during training. Not all states accept apprenticeship for licensure — check your state board requirements.

Career Progression & Earnings

Typical earning trajectory for a cosmetologist. Wages vary by location, employer, and experience.

Journeyman

Certified — working independently

$16.83/hr

~$35,006/yr

Master / Senior

Experienced — may supervise others

$24.00/hr

~$49,920/yr

Source: BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics, May 2023. Annual estimates based on 2,080 hours/year.

School vs. Apprenticeship

Two paths to becoming a Cosmetologist. Here's how they compare.

Factor	Trade School	Apprenticeship
Cost	Tuition varies by school	$0 (earn while you learn)
Duration	9-15 months	2-3 years
Earnings During Training	No (student)	Yes
Credential	Certificate or Associate's	Journeyman certification
Job Placement	Varies by school	Often hired by training sponsor

Source: BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics, May 2023

Job Outlook

Cosmetologist employment is projected to grow at an average pace, driven by population growth and demand for personal care services. Stylists who keep up with trends, build strong client relationships, and develop social media presence tend to have the best earnings potential. Self-employment and booth rental arrangements offer significant income flexibility.